ABSTRACT
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as renal function abnormality by the presence of protein in the urine (proteinuria) and kidney function decline for 3 months or more to progressive renal failure terminal2. The most common causes of CRF are diabetes and hipertensi. Antihypertensive medication is used to treat hypertension or high blood pressure. Antihypertensive drugs are known, such as diuretics, alpha blockers, beta blockers, adrenergic receptor blockers, calcium antagonists, RAAS inhibitors, and vasodilator. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of indication, patient, medication, and dosage of antihypertensive use in CRF patients in Ward Medicine at PGI Cikini Hospital from April to May 2014. Beside that to determine the antihypertensive drugs most widely used to lower blood pressure in CRF patients in the Internal Medicine Ward at PGI Cikini hospital. This research is descriptive evaluative and data collection was done retrospectively. The results showed that 13 cases (86.7%) CRF patients were using antihypertensive from total 15 cases with a diagnosis of CRF. Evaluation of the using of antihypertensive use shows accuracy of indication 100%, accuracy of patients 84.6%, accuracy of drug 80%, accuracy of dose 100% and accuracy of dose determination in hemodialysis patients 85.7%. The most widely used antihypertensive in CRF patients at Cikini Hospital during this research was captopril and anti-hypertensives for CRF patients undergoing hemodialysis were amlodipine.

Keywords: Chronic Renal Failure, antihypertensive, PGI Cikini Hospital.

ABSTRACT
Heterocyclic nucleus containing drugs showed remarkable and noticeable pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
properties. They generated their own identity and importance in agricultural, pharmaceutical, medicinal and drug sciences. Benzonido and pyridino, dithiazolo, quinolino and alkylaminoheterocycles showed important applications in industrial, pharmaceutical, medicinal and drug chemistry. Considering all these facts, recently in this laboratory interactions of 3-(2- chloro-10-H-phenothiazine-10-yl)-N,N dimethylpropane-1-amine (1) was carried out with various thiourea (2) by using in isopropanol medium to isolate 3-(2-substitutedthiocarbamido-10-H-phenothiazine-10-yl)-N,N dimethylpropane-1-amine (3).The justification and identification of the structure of these newly synthesized compounds had been established on the basis of chemical characterization, elemental analysis and through spectral data.
Keywords:Substitutedthiourea, 3-(2-substitutedthiocarbamido-10-H-phenothiazine-10-yl)-N,N dimethylpropane-1-amine.

ABSTRACT

The methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of leaves, stem and oilseed of Chrozophora borcchiana were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Streptomycin (STR) was used as standard for antibacterial assay. The leaves and stem of the plant were dried and extracted using three different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane), while the oil was extracted with methanol only. The obtained extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtitles, Staphylococcus aureus, and three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella), and two fungals (Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus) species using agar well diffusion method. The leaves and stem methanolic extracts were active against all the investigated bacterial and fungal strains, while leaves and stem ethyl acetate extracts were found to be less active as antimicrobial. The oil methanolic extract was active against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus only.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Methanol extract, Ethyl acetate extract, Hexane extract and Chrozophora borcchiana.

ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study is to develop a colon targeted drug delivery systems for Aceclofenac using Gaur gum
and Pectin as a carrier. Very common wet granulation technique is used for preparation of matrix tablet. Binder like ethyl
cellulose was used during preparation of matrix tablets containing various excipients. Evaluation was done by different IPQC tests, content uniformity and in vitro drug release study. Drug release profile was evaluated in simulated gastric, intestinal fluid and simulated colonic fluid. Drug release profile in simulated gastric, intestinal fluid and colonic fluid decide the best formulation. The matrix tablet containing binder system of ethyl cellulose and pectin as a carrier was found to be suitable for targeting the colon as compare to other matrix tablets. Matrix tablets containing pectin (20%) releases 69.24% of Aceclofenac in simulated colonic fluid within 12 hours. This study confirms that pectin can act as good carrier in the form of matrix tablet for Aceclofenac to deliver it in colon specifically by using ethyl cellulose as binder.
Keywords: Aceclofenac, Guar gum, Pectin, Colonic Specific delivery.

ABSTRACT Genotoxic substances are those chemical compounds capable of causing genetic mutation and of contributing to the development of tumors while there are many different factors that can affect DNA,RNA and other genetic materials, the property of genotoxicity only applies to those substances that actually cause harm to the genetic information. Genotoxicity assays too insensitive to detect effects of an impurity at 0.1%; very few genotoxic compounds would be detectable at or below this level. The management of genotoxic impurities in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals is very important for the safety of use of the drug. As these impurities are considered to be carcinogenic and they can cause mutations they are to be detected even in trace level for the safety. Keywords: DNA, Genotoxicity, Pharmaceuticals.

ABSTRACTCyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are rich sources of structurally novel and biologically active metabolites. Recentstudies indicate the presence of some bioactive compounds in the blue green algae which are shown to exhibit antimicrobial,antifungal or anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological activities. In the present study, the isolated beta-glucan fromChroococus turgidus was assayed for antibiotic activities against the three fungal and three bacterial pathogens.Key words: Cyanobacteria, Blue green algae.

ABSTRACT

Chromatography is the science which is studies the separation of molecules based on differences in their structure and/orcomposition. In general, chromatography involves moving a preparation of the materials to be separated - the "test preparation" -over a stationary support. The molecules in the test preparation will have different interactions with the stationary support leadingto separation of similar molecules. Test molecules which display tighter interactions with the support will tend to move moreslowly through the support than those molecules with weaker interactions. In this way, different types of molecules can beseparated from each other as they move over the support material. Chromatographic separations can be carried out using a varietyof supports, including immobilized silica on glass plates (thin layer chromatography), volatile gases (gas chromatography), paper(paper chromatography), and liquids which may incorporate hydrophilic, insoluble molecules (liquid chromatography).

Keywords: Chromatography, Biotechnology, Mobile phase, Stationary phase.