ABSTRACT

Present review highlights the potential of nasal mucosa as an administration route for targeting the central nervous system, the brain. Targeted drug delivery seeks to concentrate the medication in the tissues of interest while reducing the relative concentration of medication in the remaining tissues. Thus improving efficacy of the drug and reducing side effects. The nasal mucosa when compared to other mucous membranes is easily accessible and provides a practical entrance portal for small and large molecules. Intranasal administration offers rapid onset of action, no first-pass effect, no gastrointestinal degradation or lung toxicity and non-invasiveness application and also improves bioavailability. It is thought that olfactory route of drug transport, by pass the blood-brain barrier and allows the direct transport of drug from the nose to the brain. This review provides an overview of strategies to improve the drug delivery to brain via nasal mucosa and recent advances in this field.

Keywords: Nasal Delivery, Brain targeting, Blood-Brain barrier (BBB), Central nervous system (CNS),Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

ABSTRACT

Chance of hazards in the industry is more due to the various chemicals using in the industry, sometimes electricity also one of the cause for the industrial hazard. A safety committee has to be formed consisting of three to four management personnel being headed by the safety officer. Function of the safety committee will cover the total supervision starting from the incoming Raw Materials, their storage, the material under process and the whole manufacturing process up to the extent of finished goods in connection to safety, hazard and the measure to be taken to that effect. This review clearly demonstrated about the various hazards occurring in the industry and also the safety measures that should be taken during the handling of of materials in the industry.

Keywords: Hazards, chemicals, fire, pollution.

ABSTRACT

Dihydropyrimidones/ thiones are an important class of heterocyclic compounds reported in 1893 for the first time by P. Biginelli. It possess wide spectrum of biological activities like including anti-tubercular, Anti-malarial, anticancer, anti-HIV activity, analgesic, antiepileptic, CNS activity, anti-inflammatory, antitumor activity. The present review gives brief information about the biginelli reaction and biological activities of dihydropyrimidones.

Keywords: Dihydropyrimidones, Biginelli, Biological activities, Anti-tumor, Anti HIV.

ABSTRACT

Eye is most interesting organ due to its drug disposition characteristics. For ailments of the eye, topical administration is usually preferred over systemic administration, before reaching the anatomical barrier of the cornea, any drug molecule administered by the ocular route has to cross the pre corneal barriers. For development of new drug candidates and novel delivery techniques for treatment of ocular diseases has recently accelerated. Controlled drug delivery to the eye is restricted due to these limitations imposed by the efficient protective mechanism. Ideal ocular drug delivery must be able to sustain the drug release and to remain in the vicinity of front of the eye for prolong period of time. Consequently it is imperative to optimize ocular drug delivery, one of the ways to do so is by addition of polymers of various grades, development of viscous gel, and development of colloidal suspension or using erodible or non-erodible insert to prolong the pre corneal drug retention.

Keywords: Ocular drug delivery, intravitreal, subconjunctival, Ocular insert.

ABSTRACT

Designing correct dose of drug for a particular patient is very important for proper therapeutic efficacy of drug and also it helps in the prevention of unwanted effects of drugs, there are several methods to design the dosage regimen which are clearly mentioned in this article, In this paper, I review studies in which compliance was measured to determine the associations between dose frequency and medication compliance.

Keywords: Dose frequency, dose regimen, steady state concentration.

ABSTRACT

Sumatriptan benzoate is a potent and selective 5-HTIB/ID receptor agonist and is effective for the treatment of acute migraine. Sublingual formulation has the advantage of offering fast relief from migraine due to faster drug delivery. The present study involves the formulation and evaluation of fast disintegrating sublingual tablets of Sumatriptan benzoate to produce intended effects. The sublingual Sumatriptan benzoate tablets were prepared by the method of direct compression. The superdisintegrants used were cross carmellose sodium and cross povidone. The powder flow properties of all formulations were evaluated for diameter, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, drug content, in vitro and in vivo disintegration time as well as in vitro release and were found to be satisfactory. The optimized formulation containing cross povidone disintegrated very fast and in vitro drug release was very high.

Keywords: Sumatriptan, sublingual tablets, cross carmellose sodium, cross povidone.