ABSTRACT

              The generic Drugs are consumed on large scale used and prescribed by medical practitioner. There are number of generic drugs available in market in form of e.g., Soft Gilatine Capsule, Hard Gilatine Capsule and Tablets etc. Study was carried out by using various microbiological techniques to isolate and identify pathogens. From 20 drugs samples four isolates of Escherichia coli and five isolates of Pseudomonas and six isolate of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained. Thus it seems that genericdrugs samples may cause illness. Contamination of pharmaceuticals with microorganisms irrespective whether they are harmful or nonpathogenic can bring about changes in physicochemical characteristics of the medicines. Although sterility is not a requirement in official compendia for nonsterile pharmaceuticals, bioburdens need to be within acceptable limits. Therefore, this study investigated microbial contamination of 10 nonsterile pharmaceuticals frequently delivered to outpatients by identifying and quantifying microbial contaminants and susceptibility pattern testing on the microbes isolated.

Keywords:Pathogens, Non-sterile Drugs Products, Outpatients, Pharmacy, Bioburdens, Dispensing.

ABSTRACT

                In many religions, water has transformative power, from concepts of sin and defilement to purity and participation in the divine.  Logically and practically, as a consequence the water that cleanses the devotee becomes polluted by spiritual impurity or physical defilement. The poor quality water is supplied in these  religious places may produce the waterborne diseases which is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and around 2.2 million people die every year due to basic hygiene related diseases like gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, typhoid, and dysentery. On the background of above information we decided to access the water quality index of devotee palaces in Amravati region. A total of 937 water samples were collected from various religious places such as Hindu temples, churches, Gurudwaras, Buddha monastery, Muslim Masjids etc. and were analyzed for its potability and WQI. Over all 60% water is found to be unfit or contaminated with coliform and 31% content faecal coliform or TTC.  Only 31%, 4% water was good to medium whereas 19% t0 1% was poor to very poor for drinking water purpose. Almost every religious places water was 30 to 83% contaminated with coliform and 17% to 41 % content faecal coliform and only 4% good and 78% medium WQI indicating poor quality of drinking water in religious places.

Keywords: Religious places, Water quality, WQI, Amravati region.

ABSTRACT

Scoparia dulcis L (Scrophurlariaceae) is a perennial herb. Plant parts are used as a cure for many ailments including diabetes. This work reports cytotoxicity of a pure compound glutinol and crude plant extracts on a panel of human cancer cell lines. Vinblastine was used as positive control.  The MTT assay was employed to estimate the cell mortality. Cytotoxic ED₅₀ values of glutinol ranged from 140.91 to 215.44µM and the crude extracts showed 17.13 to 92.03% cell mortality at 500µg/ml on the tested cell lines. Percent cell mortalities by vinblastine were 90.00 to 94.10% 125µg/ml and cytotoxic ED₅₀ values of vinblastine were 5.25 to 6.12µM. Cell mortality for the negative controls (RPMI^C and RPMI^C–DMSO) were nil.

Keywords: Scoparla dulcis, Glutinol, Crude Extracts, Cytotoxicity, Human Cancer Cell Line.

ABSTRACT

Glipizide is one of the most commonly used anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is effective in pancreatic secretion of insulin. Glipizide is used for patients with type 2 diabetes who have failed diet and exercise therapy and it appears to be the most effective in first phase insulin secretion. Glipizide have short biological half-life i.e. 2 to 5 hrs, and is rapidly eliminated, so requiring it to be administered in 2 to 3 doses of 2.5 to 15mg per day. Hence once daily sustained release matrix tablet of glipizide is developed. Many methods are used for preparing sustained release preparations of glipizide. The review article comprises of the research materialized in the field of sustained release tablets of glipizide.

Keywords: Sustained release, Diabetes, Glipizide, Matrix tablet, Granulation method.

ABSTRACT

      Two methods for simultaneous estimation of Cefadroxil and Probencid in combined tablet dosage form have been developed. The first UV spectrophotometric method was a determination using the simultaneous equation method at 233 nm and 247 nm. The second UV spectrophotometric method is the Q – analysis (absorption ratio) method, which involves the formation of absorbance equation at 242 nm (isobestic point) and at 247 nm the maximum absorption of Probencid. The linearity ranges for Cefadroxil and Probencid both were 10-60μg/ml respectively. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies was found to be 99.43±0.75 and 99.69±0.40 for simultaneous equation method and 99.23±0.34 and 99.56±0.16 for absorption ratio method for Cefadroxil and Probencid respectively. These methods are simple, accurate and rapid; those require no preliminary separation and can therefore be used for routine analysis of both drugs in quality control laboratories.

Keywords: Cefadroxil, Probencid, Q–analysis spectrophotometric, Simultaneous equation method.

ABSTRACT

        This main aim of the current review article is to provide a complete overview on recent development in excipient technology and the approaches involved in development of such excipients. Formulation scientists recognized that single-component excipients do not always provide the requisite performance to allow certain active pharmaceutical ingredients to be formulated or manufactured adequately and they have focused their attention on the production of multifunctional excipients with enhanced performance to meet the needs of formulation experts in terms of costs of production, enhanced excipient functionality and quality of tablets. Manipulation in the functionality of excipient is provided by the co-processing of two or more existing excipients. Co-processing is a novel process with the interaction of two or more excipients at the sub particle level which in turn provide a synergy of functionality improvements as well as masking the undesirable properties of individual excipients. The demand for the functionality of excipients has increased mainly in terms of physico-chemical properties of the excipients for the formulation development. Co-processed excipients with combination of two or more existing excipients at sub-particle level interaction will provide an attractive tool for developing high functionality excipients.

Keywords: Excipient technology, Co-processing, Co-processed excipients.

ABSTRACT

      Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is principally characterized by insulin resistance, relative insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. The present research work was designed to study the inhibition of glycation with natural Inhibitor “Malus domistica”. For this purpose, normal plasma was collected from healthy volunteers. To study glycation inhibition, thirty two combinations were made and all these combinations were placed at 37^oC at same time for five weeks. Human normal plasma was used as a protein. Four milliliter of samples was drawn after 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th and 5^th week of incubation to perform the experiments. Browning production was recorded by taking absorbance at 370nm of all combinations. Dialysis was performed to remove the excess/ free glucose. Glucose and protein estimation was done to check the glucose and protein concentration before and after dialysis. Glycation inhibition was measured with TBA assay and also by ELISA. The activity of I₂ (10 times diluted) inhibitor was approximately high mainly in the 2^nd week of incubation. “Malus domistica” is effective and efficient in lowering the glycation level in conditions when the level of glucose is high i.e. in diabetes. So the results indicate that in future “Malus domistica” can be used for lowering glucose level in the body.

Keywords: Advanced Glycation End products, Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay, Thiobarbituric Acid.

ABSTRACT

              Coumarins have multiple biological activities; various coumarin-related derivatives are recognized as inhibitors of the lipoxygenase and cycloxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism. Several natural or synthetic coumarins with various hydroxyl and other substitutes were found to inhibit lipid peroxidation and to scavenge hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion and to influence processes involving free radical mediated injury.Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antipyretic and analgesic activities of heterocyclic derivatives of 3-formyl-4-hydoxycoumarin (synthesized by us) in animal models. All compounds synthesized were evaluated for the above activity and their effects were compared with the standard drugs. In the antipyretic test, a new model of pyrexia suggested by Tomazetti et al was used where backer’s yeast is used to induce pyrexia in juvenile male Wistar rats, which received Backer’s yeast at 135 mg/kg intraperitonealy. The test compound or Paracetamol was given orally 1 h after injection of yeast (when average rise in rectal temp was about 1 ºC). Meanwhile, in the analgesic test the nociceptive response using hot plate and formalin tests were performed in adult male Wistar rats.  The test compounds (heterocyclic derivatives of 3-formyl-4-hydoxycoumarin) showed significant antipyretic activity in rats. The test compound also produced significant antinociceptive activity in the hot plate (central) as well as informalin tests (central and peripheral) nociceptive tests suggesting the involvement of both central and peripheral mechanisms in alleviating the pain response.

Keywords: 3-Formyl-4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives, Antipyretic, Analgesic, Backer yeast.

ABSTRACT

              The seeds of Celosia argentea usually fail to germinate under slightest droughty conditions. To find out the germinability of the seed, various concentrations of phyto hormones, chemicals, moisture requirements, light and involvement of sphermosphere microorganisms on seed germination of Celosia argentea has been studied.

Keywords: Dormancy, Seed Germination, Soil Moisture, GA₃, Celosia argentea L.

ABSTRACT
The aim of present work is to present here the plants having Visaghna(Anti-toxic) effect. A search was carried out from different classical literature and total number of 90 plants has been identified having Visaghna properties,which are not clear about the indications. A list of text consulted with description of plants concerned has been enumerated with Sanskrit and botanical names with family for easy identification. Efforts have been made to have an idea about the plants with visaghna properties in Ayurveda for multidimensional research work in future.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Visaghna, antitoxic plants

ABSTRACT

Binary mixtures of synthetic dyes (tartrazine and erythrosine) using Cr (III) as complexing agent commonly used as colorant in food stuffs and pharmaceutical sample, were investigated on Intertsil ODS-3V C-18 column by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The compositions of mobile phase containing methanol-water in acetate buffer were optimized at the maximum wavelength at each synthetic dye with Cr (III). Relative standard deviation of retention time 1.833-14.438 for binary mixture of synthetic dye with Cr (III) complexation were studied respectively. The optimal methods were applied to identify and determine the synthetic dyes in food stuffs and pharmaceutical samples.

Keywords: Synthetic dyes, Cr (III), Food stuffs, Pharmaceutical samples, High performance liquid chromatography.

ABSTRACT

Capparis spinosa (CS) (Capparidaceae) is wide distribution in west or central Asia and spreading particularly across the Mediterranean basin. CS fruits, stem-leaves and roots are used in folk medicine due to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Excessive use of roots will lead to CS resources exhausting and environmental disruption. To evaluate the potency of the extracts from CS fruits, stem-leaves and roots on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities is very urgent and important in consideration of ecology environment and resource conservation. The present results indicated that CS fruits and stem-leaves at three doses (3.86, 7.72 and 15.44 g/kg) showed significant inhibitions (P<0.01) on acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and xylene-induced ear edema with a dose dependent, CS roots, meanwhile, only at high dose or not. The CS stem-leaves and fruits produced a significant analgesic effects induced by acid-induced writhing response with a dose dependent (P<0.01) and prolonged the hot-plate latency of mice at high dose with a time dependent (P<0.05), but the CS roots only produce a weak response at high dose. The present study infers that CS stem-leaves and fruits demonstrated remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. It is suggested to make extensive use of the aerial parts (stem-leaves and fruits) of CS instead of the roots.

Keywords: Analgesia, Capparisspinosa, Fruits, Health functional food, Inflammatory, Roots, Stem-leaves.

ABSTRACT

Celosia argentea L. is one of the most dominating herbaceous annual weed found in all semi arid land crops. In order to eradicate the weed phytosociology, seed output, multifactorial germinability, biodegradation, its Allelopathic effects on surrounding crop plant seed germination & on microorganisms has been studied. Only Altenaria alternata was found to cause a minor leaf spot disease of weed. Potassium chloride (at 1% concentration), 2, 4-D (2% concentration) had herbicidal effects within three days. And causes decolouration, defoliation and wilting of leaves and also complete drying of plants.

Keywords: Celosia argentea L, Phyto Sociology, Dormancy, Germination, Sphermosphere, Allelopathy, Bio-herbicides, Biodegradation.