ABSTRACT

Over the past 30 years as the expense and complications involved in marketing new drug entities have increased, withconcomitant recognition of therapeutic advantages of controlled drug delivery, greater attention has been focused on developmentof sustained or controlled release drug delivery systems. Bilayer tablet is new era for the successful development of controlledrelease formulation along with various features to provide a way of successful drug delivery system. Controlled release dosageforms have been extensively used to improve therapy with several important drugs. Incorporation of drug in controlled releasegastro-retentive dosage forms which can remain in the gastric region for several hours would significantly prolong the gastricresidence time of drugs and improve bioavailability, reduce drug waste and enhance the solubility of drugs that are less soluble inhigh pH environment. Several approaches are currently utilized in the prolongation of GRT, including floating drug deliverysystem, swelling and expanding systems, polymeric bio adhesive systems, high-density systems, modified shape systems and otherdelayed gastric emptying devices. An attempt has been made in this review article to introduce the society to the currenttechnological development in bilayer floating drug delivery system.

Keywords: Bilayer tablet, Gastro retentive systems, Floating drug delivery system, Bilayer tablet presses.

ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology will affect our lives tremendously over the next decade in very different fields, including medicine andpharmacy. Transfer of materials into the nanodimension changes their physical properties which were used in pharmaceutics todevelop a new innovative formulation principle for poorly soluble drugs: the drug nanocrystals. The drug nanocrystals do notbelong to the future; the first products are already on the market. Nanocrystals have a wide variety of proven and potentialapplications. They have been used in the manufacture of filters that refine crude oil into diesel fuel. Nanocrystals can also belayered and applied to flexible substrates to produce solar panels. Researchers at the University of Queensland (Australia) haveyielded promising results in this field. Titania nanocrystals can be suspended in liquid form and applied to surfaces, making itpossible to literally paint a solar panel onto an exterior wall or roof. Nanocrystals are emerging as key materials due to their novelshape and size-dependent chemical and physical properties that differ drastically from their bulk counterparts. The main challengesin this field remain rationally controlled synthesis and large scale production. This article presents a brief review on potentialapplications of Nanocrystal technology. An attempt is also made to overview on the brief description of nanocrystals as well asassociated technology.

Keywords: Drug nanocrystals, Nanocrystal, Crystalline, Nano-Particle, Nanotechnology.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a RP-HPLC method for the estimation of Sultamicillin Tosylate in tablets. The process was carriedout on C18 column (5 μm, 150mm x 4.6 mm, i.d) using phosphate buffer (pH 4.0), acetonitrile in the ratio 60:40 respectively as amobile phase at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Wavelength was fixed at 230 nm. The retention time of Sultamicillin Tosylate was foundto be 9.022. The developed method is rapid, accurate, simple, reliable and sensitive method and it can be used for estimation of thedrug in tablets.

Keywords: Sultamicillin Tosylate RP-HPLC Estimation.

ABSTRACT

A simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and rapid UV spectrophotometric  method was developed for the estimation of Tolvaptan in pure form and its formulation. For the estimation of Tolvaptan, solvent system employed was Methanol and Dissolution medium (0.01N Hydrochloric acid + 1% Sodium Lauryl Sulphate) and wavelength of detection was 269nm .The developed method was used to estimate the total drug content in commercially available oral formulation of Tolvaptan and recovery studies were carried out. Sample recovery in the formulation using the above method was in good agreement with their labeled claim, thus suggesting the validity of the method noninterference of formulation excipients in the estimation.

Keywords: Spectrophotometric determination, Tolvaptan, Validation.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate microporous pellets loaded with Dronedarone using blend of Avicel PH 101 (Microcrystaline cellulose) and Sodium chloride (NaCl) by Extrusion/Spheronisation technique for controlled release. Solid, porous, discrete, reproducible pellets were obtained. Sieve analysis data indicated that the size of prepared pellets were in the range of 1125 to 1265µm. The yield of pellets was upto 89%. The prepared formulations were subjected to micromeritic properties, SEM, DSC, FTIR and Stability studies. Prepared pellets were spherical in shape, have dent surfaces with pores on the surface, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pellets were free flowing with good packing properties. Compatibility of the drug after encapsulationin the pellets were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by FTIR. The prepared pellets were analyzed quantitatively for the amount of encapsulated drug. Studies such as drug loading and in vitrodrug release indicated F3 as optimized formulation. Formulation F3 shows 92.48% drug release upto 24 hours. It was also observed that, there was no significant release of drug in gastric pH. The release kinetics for all the formulations indicates that drug release followed non- Fickian diffusion. The stability studies performed on F3 showed no significant difference in drug content and drug release. It was concluded that the drug release performance was greatly affected by the polymer and pore forming agent used in preparation of pellets.

Keywords: Dronedarone, Pellets, Controlled release, Extrusion/Spheronisation.

ABSTRACT

Acne is a common inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the face, neck, chest and upper back. Treatment depends on severity. Erythromycin has bacteriostatic activity which inhibits the growth of bacteria. They mainly act by binding to the 50s subunits of bacteria, 70s r-RNA complex, and protein synthesis. Erythromycin is also used topically to treat acne. They are used to treat moderate to severe inflammatory acnes or acne that isn’t getting better with other treatments. Erythromycin works to treat acne by reducing the amount of acne causing bacteria called “propionibacteria” acnes on the skin, it also lessens inflammation and redness. Erythromycin is easily inactivated by the gastric environment and produce gastric disturbances such as diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain and vomiting. Erythromycin microsponges were prepared using quassi emulsion solvent diffusion method. Erythromycin microsponges were then incorporated into a Carbopol-940 gel prepared by hydrogel technique for release studies. The best formulation was found to be stable at room temperature for 3 months. Thus it was concluded that erythromycin can be formulated as microsponge gel that can release the drug upto 8hrs with reduced side effects.

Keywords: Acne, Erythromycin, Microsponges, Gel.

ABSTRACT

Many therapeutic drugs are difficult to reach the central nervous system (CNS) from the systemic blood circulation because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) form a very effective barrier which prevents most molecules from passing through. To bypass BBB, drugs can be delivered through olfactory region for nose-to-brain targeting. Peptide and protein drugs have been developed for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. Drug delivery of these therapeutic proteins is facing several challenges because of the instability, high enzymatic metabolism, low gastrointestinal absorption, rapid renal elimination, and potential immunogenicity. New genetically engineered biotechnology products, such as recombinant human nerve growth factor, human VEGF, and interferons, are now possible to be delivered into the brain from the non-invasive intranasal route. For gene therapy, intranasal route is also a promising alternative method to deliver plasmid DNA to the brain. This review provides an overview of recent approaches to improve the drug delivery to the brain and the latest development of protein, peptide, and gene intranasal delivery for brain targeting.

Keywords: Brain target, olfactory, BBB, Approaches of Brain targeting.