ABSTRACT In the present work, an attempt has been made to formulate oral dispersible tablets of omeprazole by three different methods. Conventional tabletting procedure was followed for the preparation of tablets. Nine batches of tablets were prepared and evaluated for general appearance and physical parameters, drug content, in vitro disintegration, in vitro dispersion, in vitro drug release, kinetic and stability studies. Formulations prepared by superdisintegrants addition method emerged as the best formulations, as they showed rapid in vitro disintegration time, in vitro dispersion time and drug release at the end of 5 min, apart from taste and excellent mouth feel compared to formulations prepared by sublimation and effervescent methods. It was concluded that oral dispersible tablets of omeprazole can be successfully formulated and will be used as a novel drug dosage form for pediatrics and geriatrics with improved patient compliance. Keywords: Omeprazole, Orodispersible tablets, Superdisintegrants, Effervescent, Sublimation.

ABSTRACT Kala azar also known as Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), a lethal parasitic disease caused by protozoan of genus Leishmania (L.donovani, L. Infantum, L.chagasi, L. v. panamensis, L. tropica L. v. braziliensis, and L. v. guayanensis Leishmania Mexicana such as L. m.amazonensis L.m. mexicana). L.donovani is the parasite causing this disease in India. Parasite species were named for the regions of endemicity in which the parasites are found and subsequently were differentiated by biochemical and other parameters which affect the reticulo-endothelial system primarily and found in abundance in bone marrow, spleen and liver. The symptoms include loss of appetite, pallor, weight loss, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, dry thin scaly skin, anaemia develops rapidly with emaciation and gross splenomegaly, greyish colouration of the skin of hands, feet, abdomen in light coloured patients for which it is called Kala Azar or black fever. Recurrent fever PKDL (Post Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis) occurs when L.donovani invades skin cells resides and develops there whichdenotes dermal lesions sometimes manifested after few years of treatment. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has emerged as an opportunistic infection in HIV and other immunosuppressed patients. Miltefosine the first orally effective drug approved for treating VL with several limitations. Pentavalent Antimony, Amphotericin B Deoxycholate, Paramomycin and other immunosuppressant’s are being used as treatment for VL although complete cure of the disease is of limited success. This review explains disease its causes, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic tests and pharmacotherapy for researchers to provide current advances related to diagnosis.. Keywords: Kala-Azar, L.donovani, PKDL, Visceral leishmaniasis.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to prolong the gastric residence time of Metformin Hydrochloride by designing its floating tablets and to study the influence of different polymers on its release rate. Different formulations of Metformin Hydrochloride containing varying concentrations of polymers were prepared. The floating matrix tablets of Metformin Hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression method. The prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as hardness, floating properties (floating lag time, floating time), and drug content. The physicochemical parameters of formulated tablets were found to be within normal range. All the formulations showed good matrix integrity and retarded the release of drug for 10 hours. Thedrug release from final optimized formulation was found to follow Higuchi’s model, which confirms that diffusion is one of the mechanisms of drug release. Keywords: Metformin HCl, Floating lag time, Drug release, Polymers.

ABSTRACT Schiff base ligands are easily prepared by the condensation of aldehydes and amines. These compounds are also known to be imines or azomethines. Lone pair of nitrogen atom of the azomethine group is of considerable interest due to its chemical and biological significance. Thus, Schiff base ligands well coordinate with the various transition metals and stabilize them at different oxidation states. The complexes of Cu(II) and Ni(II) with Schiff base derived from benzaldehyde and amine have been synthesized and characterized by H1-NMR, Mass, UV-Visible and elemental analysis. The Schiff base and its Cu(II)and, Ni(II) complex were soluble in organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, dichloromethane and acetonitrile. The molar conductance of the complexes are measured to be low implies that the complexes are non-electrolytic nature. The spectrophotometric studies of the complex compounds revealed 1:2metal to ligand ratio. The DNA cleavage studies of the complexes have been investigated and both the complexes showed extensive cleavage of DNA. However, Cu(II) complexes showed better cleavage activity compared to Ni(II) complex. The complexes were screened for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity using various strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria- Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcusluteus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica. The Schiff base ligand showed higher antibacterial activity than the respective complexes. Keywords:Cu(II) and Ni(II) complex, Chemical nuclease activity, antibacterial activity.

ABSTRACT Microbial diversity near public rest rooms of new bus stand, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India was carried out in the present study. The study reveals that, PDA represented higher colony number (7.33±1.69) while LB and KB revealed only 5.67±0.94. The isolated colonies were identified as Escherchia coli, Streptococcus sp. Klepsiellapneumoniaeand Staphyloccussp. Among the bacteria, the antibacterial resistance level was high in Staphylococcus sp. against Ciprofloxacin while Streptococcus sp. reveal only 19mm zone of inhibition against Carbenicillin and Ampicillin/Sulbactam. Thus, the present study reveals that, new bus stand would be projected as possible health risk prone area and are to be studied with people who are travelling in and around them. Keywords: New Bus stand, Bacteria, Microbial diversity, Antimicrobial resistance.

ABSTRACT Microbial diversity near old bus stand of Thanjavur was studied in the present investigation. The bacterial species isolated from the air sampling are Staphylococcus sp. Klepsiella pnuemoniae, Escherchia coli and Pseudomonas sp. Their biochemical profile was studied and their antimicrobial resistance were also studied. Staphylococcus sp. and Escherchia coli, had shown highest level of zone of inhibition (19mm) against Tetracycline as well as Norfloxacin, Co-Trimoxazole. Thus the present investigation, put forth a initiation or alert to the public and recommend the need of higher level of hygienic usage of the public rest rooms of Old bus stand, thanjavur. Keywords: Norfloxacin, Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus sp.

ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii infection significantly decreased serum FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone level in female rats. Infection also decreased ovary and uterus weight, decrease pregnancy rate, litter size, fetal weight, placental weight and increased fetal resorption and early fetal death in comparison with non infected females. Sulphadiazine and pyrimethamine didn’t induced further changes in the serum level of serum FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone, either used in non infected or infected females. Both drugs decreased pregnancy rate, litter size, fetal weight, placental weight and increased fetal resorption ratio and early fetal death in the non infected females. However, in the infected group, sulphadiazine decreased pregnancy rate, resorption rate and early fetal death and didn’t changed litter size, fetal and placental weights. Pyrimethamine was also decreased pregnancy rate, fetal weight, placental weight and increased fetal resorption ratio and early fetal death in infected females. Both sulphadiazine and pyrimethamine improved the histopathological changes in the infected group. Keywords: Females, Rats, Fertility, Toxoplasmosis, Sulphadiazine, Pyrimethamine.

Various traditional systems of medicine enlightened the importance of the plant having a great medicinal value. One ofsuch a plant is Sapindus emarginatus which is rich in saponins and tannins. The leaf of the plant has yet been researched to fullextent and in our present study we aimed at determining its microscopical structure and characters which may be useful in thefuture to identify and to standardize the plant. These findings will be useful towards establishing its Pharmacognosticalstandards on its purity, quality and classification of the plant which is gaining relevance in plant drug research.

Many unknown and lesser known plants are used in folk and tribal medicinal practices as a source of medicine. All themedicinal plants are not brought into the light of scientific world. One such plant is Merremia emarginata which has been usedas analgesic, hypoglycemic, diuretic and as purgative in the traditional system of medicine. Keeping this in view, an attemptwas made to study the leaves of the plant Merremia emarginata by evaluating it Pharmacognostically to identify its structurewhich may be useful in the future for the plant identification and standardization.

Anemia is becoming a very common problem nowadays affecting all the ages and both the gender. The prevalence rates of anemia are higher in developing countries like India, especially affecting children, adolescents and women of reproductive age worldwide. About 50% of the adolescent girls and women from higher income educated families are anemic then what would be the condition of the women from poor income uneducated families? Thus, based on this, there is a need to study the prevalence of anemia particularly among females of tribal population in their reproductive age of 15-45 years. The status of anemia in the tribal women population of Hardwar district has yet not been well documented. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age tribal women in Laldhang area of Hardwar district, Uttarakhand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five villages namely Nayagaon, Mohallapuri, Mitthiberi, Dhandiyanwala and Rasoolpur of district Hardwar, Uttarakhand, in the month of January 2014. A total of 72 reproductive age (15-45years) tribal (Buksa) women were selected randomly. Sahli’s haemoglobinometer method was used to examine the level of hemoglobin (Hgb). The prevalence rate of anemia was 64.28%. The majority of anemic women were in the category of moderate (58.33%) to mild (37.5%) and severe (4.16%). A significant (F= 7.26, P<0.01) mean difference of hemoglobin level among mild, moderate and severe anemic group was found. This study validates the existence of moderate to mild anemia among reproductive age tribal women and underlines the need for iron supplementation to all reproductive women. Awareness and education about anemia can be provided in these types of affected areas.