ABSTRACT

The Community Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) was introduced in Ghana‟s health system in the year 2000. This was aimed at addressing the fundamental bottlenecks regarding access to quality health care services in the hinterland. The Ghana health service adopted CHPS concept as a national strategy for promoting quality, accessibility and equitable heath care to all citizens in rural Ghana. The concept is therefore a national policy for implementing community based service delivery by orientating primary healthcare from the sub district centres to convenient communities. This paper aimed at assessing the potentials and challenges of the CHPS in addressing the health needs of the rural dwellers. In conducting this survey, mixed sampling methodology was adopted. The three regions in the northern Ghana were selected for the study because they are noted to be the poorest in Ghana. Also these regions are noted for high incidence of infant and maternal mortality. The Greater Accra region was also selected for the study because on the basis of a growing urban poverty in the region. The study revealed that the establishment of the CHPS strategy has actually reduced mortality rate in rural communities in the country. It further revealed that modern health care is now closer to the rural folk and therefore help in addressing the health needs of the rural people. The study also revealed that some of the CHIP are white elephants since there are no health professionals to man some of them in some of the deprived areas.

Keywords: CHPS, Healthcare, Rural Communities, Health systems, Challenges and Potentials.

ABSTRACT Herbal and plant origin crude drugs with anti-lipid peroxidative activity had become a central focus for study of hepatoprotection due to its safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. The aim of present study is to analyse the hepatoprotective and lipotropic effect of Mentha piperita leaf in CCl4 induced free radical mediated oxidative stress rats. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the antilipid peroxidative and indirect antioxidant of crude powder of Mentha piperita against CCl4 induced free radical mediated oxidative stress. Hepatic enzyme marker such as SGPT, SGOT and MDA, glutathione, blood serum calcium, iron and lipid profile have used to evaluate hepatoprotective and lipotropic effect. The result exhibits the significant amount of hepatic cell regeneration processes though the reduction of SGPT, SGOT and MDA as well as increased in the level of glutathione towards the normal value. Similarly, lipid profile, serum calcium and iron attained towards normal of CCl4 induced oxidative stress rats after treated with the crude Mentha piperita extract. In conclusion, Mentha piperita leaf extracted may play a protective role against liver dysfunction and toxicity with the enhancement of hepatic cell regeneration processes. Keywords: Herbal drugs, Mentha piperita, Oxidative stress, Hepatoprotection.

ABSTRACT Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 4,4-dimethyl cyclohexanone (1) with different aromatic aldehydes yields 2,6-diarylidene-4,4-dimethyl cyclohexanone (2a-g), which on cyclocondensation with thiourea in presence of potassium hydroxide yielded title compounds (3a-g). Their structures were characterized by UV, IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectra. The newly synthesized compounds were screened in-vivo for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema test at 200 mg/kg p.o. The compound 3b exhibited anti-inflammatory activity comparable to standard drug diclofenac. Keywords: Synthesis, Benzothiazines, Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Carrageenan, Diclofenac.

ABSTRACTAim of the study: Media plays an important role in making the algal technology economical. To reduce the cost of themedium, an alternate source for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was used in the form of agricultural fertilizer (N:P:K in theratio of 15:15:15). Materials and methods: The present study was conducted to determine the growth rate, pigment compositionand biochemical analysis such as carbohydrate, protein and lipid content in fertilizer based outdoor cultivation (FBOC). Resultsand Discussion: Maximum growth rate, cell division rate and the yield was maximum for Chlorococcum humicola whencompared to Desmococcus olivaceus in FBOC. Both the microalgae contains nonpolar substances includes carotenoids,chlorophylls and lipids reported to have potent antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Fertilizer based cultivation increased theaccumulation of carbohydrates, protein and lipids in both the green microalgae.Key words: Microalgae, Pigments, Carotenoids, Biochemicals, Fertilizer.

ABSTRACT LD100 or LD50 values of paracetamol for any variety of chicks are not on record hence these experiments were done. Healthy 14 days old weighing 260±20 gms, unsexed broiler chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were divided into eleven groups. Ten chicks were used in each group. Paracetamol injection was administered intramuscularly once to each chick. Concentrations administered were 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2250, 2500 mg/kg. For control, 10 chicks were injected with vehicle only. Changes in the behavior could be noticed after paracetamol administration. Mortality was recorded after 24 hrs. Experiments were repeated thrice. Values were plotted. 2 gm/kg dose is found lethal i.e LD100 values at 24 hours and 1.8 gm/kg is calculated LD50 at 24 hours for 14 days old chick. Possible explanation towards observed changes in the behavior and death of chicks is offered. Significance of findings is also discussed. Keywords: Acetaminophen, Paracetamol, Chicks, LD100 and LD50.

ABSTRACT The surgical release of club foot must address all of the pathoanatomic structures, including a complex release of the hind foot and mid foot, possibly one of the more complicated procedures performed in all of orthopedics. A variety of surgical procedures and techniques have been described to achieve the goal of complete anatomic restoration. As in any procedure involving multiple anatomic steps, exposure is key to a successful comprehensive release. This was a prospective study. 35 patients having 57 feet, age between 1 to 3 years with idiopathic clubfoot for PMSTR surgery was included in this study. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Group-I (30 feet) had undergone surgery by hemi-Cincinnati and group-II (27feet) by Turco method of exposure. In both group above knee POP cast was applied in 90 degree knee flexion for two weeks, followed by stitch removal and reapplication of Cast. The clinical results in the feet in the group- I was satisfactory as in the group-II. In group –I, 24 feet had satisfactory result while in group-II, 19 had a satisfactory result. Patients who were 1-2 year age had more satisfactory results in group-I than in group-II. Under correction, as measured on radiographs, was more common than over correction in group-I, while in group-II overcorrection was more common. Only four feet needed secondary procedures. There were Twelve feet with wound infection in group-II and two feet in group-I. The role of hemi-Cincinnati incision in children less than 3 years of age is not fully established. Our study supports the use of hemi-Cincinnati incision in poster medial soft tissue release for treating idiopathic club foot. In future the hemi-Cincinnati incision may become a time demanding incision in case of club foot. Keywords: Hemi-Cincinnati incision, Turco, Talipes.

ABSTRACT

Advances in the field of alternative medicine have promoted the use of various natural products. Aloe vera is such product which has numerous benefits in the field of medicine which has procured appreciable importance in clinical research. The Aloe vera plant has been known and used for centuries for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care properties. Aloe vera has an unlimited future in new applications, and in dentistry utilization for its healing properties, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties and releasing pattern as a local drug delivery system.

Keywords: Alternative therapy, Dentistry, Aloe Vera.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to test whether the temporal synergism of dopamine and serotonin could affect the thyroid–gonad inter- relationship in the domestic pigeon Columba livia domestica. Male birds were divided in to four groups, each with six individuals. The thyroidectomised groups of birds receiving neurotransmitter precursor drugs (dopamine and serotonin) at 0 hr interval showed inhibitory responses in special reference to body weight, testicular weight and testosterone level. The results were found significantly lower in comparison to control at the level of P<0.05. Results showed that the administration of dopamine and serotonin at 0 hr phase relationship inhibits the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis and body growth in Columba livia domestica. Possibly inverse thyroid – gonad relationship in this species may be related to seasonal changes in phase relationship between daily rhythm in serotonergic and dopaminergic activity of the central nervous system.

Keywords: Serotonin, Dopamine, Thyroid, Gonad, Pigeon.

ABSTRACT
Bees wax is a substance obtained from honey combs. It consists of esters of straight chain monohydric alcohols due to which it shows hypolipidemic activity. The hematological study of bees wax treated animals shows dose dependent antiplatelet activity. Four groups of 6 male albino rabbits in each, were used for study. To Intact control group no drug was given, to hyperlipidemic control group atherogenic diet with cholesterol powder (500 mg/kg body weight) mixed in 5ml coconut oil was given. To group 3 & 4 bees wax and statin was given as drug by oral administration, the drug treatment was carried out for complete 60 days. Animals were sacrificed by prolonged ether anesthesia, after the 24 hours of last dose of drug blood sample was collected for the hematological and serum assays. The hematological parameters like erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, hemoglobin count etc. were evaluated, the platelet count showed variation from its normal range. Other parameters like sugar, urea, creatinin etc. remain unaltered owing to the nontoxic nature of bees wax.

Keywords: Antiplatelet, Atherosclerosis, Bees wax, Cholesterol, Other serum parameters, Nontoxic nature.

ABSTRACT
Obesity is often associated with the increase prevalence of of chronic diseases such as insulin resistance diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cerebrovascular accident, heart attack, congestive cardiac diseases, cancer, gallstone formation, gout, etc. The anti-obesity effect of cashew nut in animals fed on Cafeteria and Atherogenic diet was evaluated. The animals were divided into three major groups viz. Normal diet, Cafeteria diet and Atherogenic diet. Under these groups, they were further divided into five sub-groups. The first sub-group consists of control animals and they were not treated with any drug. The second sub-group was treated with the standard drug, i.e. Ayurslim. The third, fourth and fifth sub-groups were treated with cashew nut at the dose of 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg respectively. The treatment period was 40 days. After 40 days, change in body weight, lipid profile and CNS activity were evaluated in all the groups. There was a significant reduction in body weight, locomotor activities, fat pad weights (kidney fat, mesenteric fat and uterine fat), cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL level and increased in HDL level of the animals treated with Ayurslim and Cashew nut. These results suggest that cashew nut possessed potent anti-obesity activity.
Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, Anti-obesity, Ayurslim.